Influência de um Protocolo de Mobilização Precoce no comportamento autonômico de pacientes submetidos a Angioplastia Coronária Transluminal Percutânea / Influence of an Early Mobilization Protocol on the Autonomic Behavior of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Resumo Fundamento: Gráficos de recorrência (GR) permitem uma análise não linear da variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC) e fornecem informações sobre o sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA). Objetivos: Avaliar se a mobilização precoce em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea (ACTP) influencia os componentes quantitativos e qualitativos dos GR. Métodos: Um total de 32 participantes que foram submetidos a ACTP foram divididos entre um grupo de controle (GC - sem exercícios físicos) e grupo de mobilização precoce (GMP - com exercícios físicos) A frequência cardíaca batimento a batimento foi registrada utilizando um cardiofrequencímetro em ambos os grupos na admissão e na alta. Os índices lineares nos domínios de tempo e frequência foram analisados, bem como os índices não lineares obtidos pelos GR. O protocolo fisioterapêutico de mobilização precoce começou 12-18 horas após a ACTP. Um teste T não pareado bicaudal foi utilizado para as comparações, e p-valores <0,05 foram aceitos como significativos. Resultados: Ao comparar os dois grupos, na alta, o GMP apresentou um aumento no SDNN (23,55 ± 12,05 a 37,29 ± 16,25; p=0,042), índice triangular (8,99 ± 3,03 a 9,66 ± 3,07; p=0,014) e VLF (694,20 ± 468,20 a 848,37 ± 526,51; p=0,004), mas não apresentou alterações significativas na avaliação não linear. Além disso, na análise qualitativa dos GR, observou-se um padrão mais difuso e menos geométrico no GMP, indicando maior variabilidade, enquanto no GC, notou-se um padrão geométrico mais alterado. Conclusão: O protocolo de mobilização precoce promove uma melhoria no comportamento autonômico, conforme avaliado por VFC e GR, e pode ser considerado um procedimento útil para a melhor recuperação de pacientes submetidos a ACTP.

Abstract Background: Recurrence Plots (RP) enable a nonlinear analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and provide information on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Objectives: To evaluate whether early ambulation in patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) influences the quantitative and qualitative components of RP. Methods: A total of 32 participants who underwent PTCA were divided into a Control Group (CG - no physical exercises) and an Early Ambulation Group (EAG - with physical exercises). Beat-to-beat heart rate was recorded using a heart rate monitor in both groups upon admission and discharge. The linear indices in the time and frequency domains were analyzed, and nonlinear indices were obtained through RP. The Early Ambulation Physical Therapy Protocol began 12-18 hours after PTCA. A two-tailed unpaired t-test was used for comparisons, and p-values < 0.05 were accepted as significant. Results: When comparing both groups, upon discharge, EAG showed an increase in SDNN (23.55 ± 12.05 to 37.29 ± 16.25; p=0.042), Triangular Index (8.99 ± 3.03 to 9.66 ± 3.07; p=0.014), and VLF (694.20 ± 468.20 to 848.37 ± 526.51; p=0.004), but without significant changes in the nonlinear evaluation. In addition, in the qualitative analysis of RP, a more diffuse and less geometric pattern was observed in EAG, indicating greater variability, while in CG, an altered and more geometric pattern was noted. Conclusion: The Early Ambulation Protocol promotes an improvement in autonomic behavior as evaluated by HRV and by RP, which can thus be considered a useful procedure for better recovery of patients undergoing PTCA.

Influence of an Early Mobilization Protocol on the Autonomic Behavior of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty. / Influência de um Protocolo de Mobilização Precoce no comportamento autonômico de pacientes submetidos a Angioplastia Coronária Transluminal Percutânea.

BACKGROUND: Recurrence Plots (RP) enable a nonlinear analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and provide information on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether early ambulation in patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) influences the quantitative and qualitative components of RP. METHODS: A total of 32 participants who underwent PTCA were divided into a Control Group (CG - no physical exercises) and an Early Ambulation Group (EAG - with physical exercises). Beat-to-beat heart rate was recorded using a heart rate monitor in both groups upon admission and discharge. The linear indices in the time and frequency domains were analyzed, and nonlinear indices were obtained through RP. The Early Ambulation Physical Therapy Protocol began 12-18 hours after PTCA. A two-tailed unpaired t-test was used for comparisons, and p-values < 0.05 were accepted as significant. RESULTS: When comparing both groups, upon discharge, EAG showed an increase in SDNN (23.55 ± 12.05 to 37.29 ± 16.25; p=0.042), Triangular Index (8.99 ± 3.03 to 9.66 ± 3.07; p=0.014), and VLF (694.20 ± 468.20 to 848.37 ± 526.51; p=0.004), but without significant changes in the nonlinear evaluation. In addition, in the qualitative analysis of RP, a more diffuse and less geometric pattern was observed in EAG, indicating greater variability, while in CG, an altered and more geometric pattern was noted. CONCLUSION: The Early Ambulation Protocol promotes an improvement in autonomic behavior as evaluated by HRV and by RP, which can thus be considered a useful procedure for better recovery of patients undergoing PTCA.

FUNDAMENTO: Gráficos de recorrência (GR) permitem uma análise não linear da variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC) e fornecem informações sobre o sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar se a mobilização precoce em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea (ACTP) influencia os componentes quantitativos e qualitativos dos GR. MÉTODOS: Um total de 32 participantes que foram submetidos a ACTP foram divididos entre um grupo de controle (GC - sem exercícios físicos) e grupo de mobilização precoce (GMP - com exercícios físicos) A frequência cardíaca batimento a batimento foi registrada utilizando um cardiofrequencímetro em ambos os grupos na admissão e na alta. Os índices lineares nos domínios de tempo e frequência foram analisados, bem como os índices não lineares obtidos pelos GR. O protocolo fisioterapêutico de mobilização precoce começou 12-18 horas após a ACTP. Um teste T não pareado bicaudal foi utilizado para as comparações, e p-valores <0,05 foram aceitos como significativos. RESULTADOS: Ao comparar os dois grupos, na alta, o GMP apresentou um aumento no SDNN (23,55 ± 12,05 a 37,29 ± 16,25; p=0,042), índice triangular (8,99 ± 3,03 a 9,66 ± 3,07; p=0,014) e VLF (694,20 ± 468,20 a 848,37 ± 526,51; p=0,004), mas não apresentou alterações significativas na avaliação não linear. Além disso, na análise qualitativa dos GR, observou-se um padrão mais difuso e menos geométrico no GMP, indicando maior variabilidade, enquanto no GC, notou-se um padrão geométrico mais alterado. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo de mobilização precoce promove uma melhoria no comportamento autonômico, conforme avaliado por VFC e GR, e pode ser considerado um procedimento útil para a melhor recuperação de pacientes submetidos a ACTP.

Non-linear analysis of the heart rate variability in characterization of manic and euthymic phases of bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: - Bipolar Disorder (BD) has been associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, with a consequent increase in mortality. Recent work highlights the non-linear analysis of ANS function. Our objective was to compare ANS modulation using recurrence plots (RP) and symbolic analysis (SA) in manic and euthymic phases of BD to controls. METHODS: - Eighteen male patients (33.1 ±â€¯12.0 years) were assessed during mania and at discharge in the euthymic phase compared and to a healthy group matched by age (33.9 ±â€¯10.8 years). Electrocardiographic series (1000 RR intervals, at rest, in supine position) were captured using Polar Advantage RS800CX equipment and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was analysed using RP and SA. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Tukey's post-test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 and Cohen's d effect size was also quantified considering d > 0.8 as an important effect. The study was registered into the Clinical Trials Registration (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01272518). RESULTS: Manic group presented significantly higher linearity before treatment (P<0.05) compared to controls considering RP variables. Cohen's d values had a large effect size ranging from 0.888 to 1.227. In the manic phase, SA showed predominance of the sympathetic component (OV%) with reduction of the parasympathetic component (2LV% and 2UV%) with reversion post treatment including higher Shannon Entropy (SE) indicating higher complexity. LIMITATIONS: - short follow-up (1 month) and small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS: - Non-linear analyzes may be used as supplementary tools for understanding autonomic function in BD during mania and after drug treatment.

Heart Rate Variability Assessment and Its Application for Autonomic Function Evaluation in Patients with Hyperhidrosis.

BACKGROUND: Pathophysiology mechanism of primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFHH) is controversial. Heart rate variability (HRV) could explain if there is a systemic component present. We aimed to investigate the functions of the autonomic nervous system in patients diagnosed with PFHH compared to controls using the analysis of HRV in the domains of time, frequency, and nonlinearity, as well as analysis of the recurrence plots (RPs). METHODS: We selected 34 patients with PFHH (29.4 ± 10.2 years) and 34 controls (29.2 ± 9.6 years) for HRV analysis. Heart beats were recorded with Polar RS800CX monitor (20 min, at rest, in supine position), and RR intervals were analyzed with Kubios Premium HRV software. RPs were constructed with Visual Recurrence Analysis software. Statistical analysis included unpaired t test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Our results showed that HRV parameters in the 3 domains evaluated did not show any differences between the groups. The same was observed with RPs. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that PFHH, from the pathophysiological point of view, may be caused by peripheral involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (glandular level or nerve terminals), as there was no difference between the groups studied. More specific studies should help elucidate this issue.

Respiratory and muscular effects of a physiotherapy protocol carried out during hemodialysis in individuals with chronic renal failure: preliminary results

Abstract Aim: To analyze whether the proposed physiotherapy protocol during hemodialysis (HD) increases knee extensor muscle strength, palmar grip strength, respiratory muscle strength, lung function, and functional capacity of individuals with Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) on HD. Methods: A preliminary results study, in which physical therapy intervention was performed in 11 subjects (49.2 ± 8.6 years) with CRI on HD treatment. Initially, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was collected, with the individual at rest, for 15 minutes, and later, HRV linear and non-linear analyses were performed using HRV Kubios Premium Software. The protocol was performed in the first two hours of the HD session, three times a week for eight weeks, consisting of respiratory exercises, aerobic exercises, and electrical stimulation associated with progressive resistive exercises. The variables evaluated were respiratory muscle strength, knee extensor muscle strength, palmar grip strength, lung function, and functional capacity. Student's t-tests for paired samples and Wilcoxon's tests for non-parametric samples were used considering a significance level of 5%. Results: There was a significant increase in expiratory muscle strength (p = 0,012; Cohen's d = 0,59), knee extensor muscle strength (p = 0,025; Cohen's d = 0,77), palmar grip strength (P = 0,001; Cohen's d = 0,52) and functional capacity (P = 0,009; Cohen's d = 0,83). Conclusion: The proposed protocol is effective in increasing knee extensor muscle strength, palmar grip strength, expiratory muscle strength, and functional capacity of individuals with CRI on HD.

Genetic Variants Related to Cell Cycle and Stability of Telomere in Patients with Glioma.

Background: Glioma, most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. Evaluate the association of polymorphisms related of to the cell cycle, integrity and DNA repair with gliomas, as well as lifestyle habits, comorbidities, survival and response to treatment. Methods: Were studied 303 individuals distributed into: Study Group - 100 patients with gliomas, regardless of the degree of malignancy, and Control Group - 203 individuals without clinical signs of the disease. These polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Smoking, alcohol consumption, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevailed in patients, compared to controls (P=0.0088, P=0.0001, P=0.0001, P=0.0011, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, alcohol consumption and SAH were identified as independent risk factors for gliomas (P=0.0001, P=0.0027, respectively). Patients with low-grade gliomas showed survival in one year (92.0±6.8%), compared to patients with high-grade gliomas (24.0±5.3; P=0.011). Conclusion: Polymorphisms involved in cell cycle, telomere protection and stability and DNA repair are not associated with gliomas. On the other hand, alcohol consumption and SAH stand out as independent risk factors for the disease. Low-grade gliomas, response to treatment and the combination of chemotherapy with Temozolomide and radiation therapy show increased survival of patients.

Diagnostic Relevance of Recurrence Plots for the Characterization of Health, Disease or Death in Humans / Relevância diagnóstica dos Gráficos de Recorrência na caracterização de Saúde, Doença ou Morte, em humanos

INTRODUCTION: Recurrence plots have been increasingly used to evaluate complex dynamic systems of which the human body is an excellent model. The different quantitative and qualitative elements of recurrence plots in health, disease, and death were analysed. A time series of normal heartbeats were collected in healthy newborns, healthy children, healthy young adults, healthy middle-aged adults, elderly individuals living in nursing homes, individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease, and individuals with declared brain death or in a state of imminent death. Healthy young adults showed the best homeostasis (lower recurrence). Healthy newborns and individuals with declared brain death or in a state of imminent death had higher recurrence values. At the qualitative visual level, healthy young adults showed a more diffuse and uniform distribution, indicative of better homeostasis; for individuals with declared brain death or in a state of imminent death this was totally linear - the worst condition. A parabolic pattern was clearly evidenced. In conclusion, it was possible, using the correlation of only two variables (SDNN and TT), to easily differentiate states of health, disease, and death using recurrence plots

Gráficos de recorrência (GR) têm sido utilizados para avaliar sistemas dinâmicos complexos, sendo o corpo humano um excelente modelo. Foram analisados os elementos quantitativos e qualitativos do GR na diferenciação de Saúde, Doença e Morte. Séries temporais de batimentos cardíacos normais foram coletadas em recém-nascidos saudáveis (Grupo A1), crianças saudáveis (Grupo A2), adultos jovens saudáveis (Grupo A3), adultos saudáveis de meia-idade (Grupo A4), idosos residentes em casas de repouso (Grupo B ), indivíduos com doença renal crônica avançada (Grupo C) e indivíduos com morte encefálica declarada ou em estado de morte iminente (Grupo D). O grupo A3 apresentou a melhor homeostase (menor recorrência). Os grupos A1 e D apresentaram os maiores valores de recorrência. Em termos visuais qualitativos, o Grupo A3 apresentou distribuição mais difusa e uniforme, um indicativo de melhor homeostase e o Grupo D foi totalmente linear, a pior condição. Um padrão parabólico foi claramente evidenciado. Em conclusão, foi possível, utilizando a correlação de apenas duas variáveis (SDNN e TT), diferenciar tanto de modo quantitativo como qualitativo os estados de Saúde, Doença e Morte usando GR.

Does heart rate variability improve prediction of failed extubation in preterm infants?

Background Prematurity and its respective comorbidities may result in longer periods of mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICU). A method for the assessment of organic maturity would be useful for this population. Heart rate variability (HRV), as an indicator of homeostasis, is a well-established tool for this approach. The objective of the study was to assess HRV in intubated preterm infants in ICU immediately prior to extubation and correlate HRV with clinical evaluation outcomes. Methods A total of 46 preterm infants, 13 (28.2%) males, were prospectively studied and divided into a group with failed extubation (FEG: n=11) and a group with successful extubation (SEG: n=35). HRV was evaluated in time, frequency and nonlinear domains with a Polar RS800 device. HRV measurements were assessed with Kubios HRV Premium Software and statistically analyzed with the StatsDirect Statistical Software, version 1.9.2015 (2002). P<0.05 values were considered as statistically significant. Results There were no significant differences between heart rate variables of failed and successful extubation when analyzing the total group. However, the analysis of the sub-group of preterm infants weighing less than 1000 g showed a clear differentiation between the groups, when the nonlinear variables (approximate entropy, sample entropy and multiscale entropy 1, 2 and 3) were used, demonstrating that the group with successful extubation shows greater complexity and, therefore, relatively greater autonomic stability. Conclusion HRV was effective in predicting failed extubation in preterm infants when evaluated in a nonlinear domain and in preterm infants weighing less than 1000 g.

Correlation between degree of autonomic nervous system impairment and quality of life indices in older adults / Correlação entre grau de comprometimento do sistema nervoso autônomo e índices de qualidade de vida em idosos

INTRODUCTION: The increase in the world's elderly population in recent decades calls for research on quality of life during the aging process. Heart rate variability (HRV) evaluates the modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and indicates the heart's ability to respond to multiple physiological and environmental stimuli, as well as to disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perceived quality of life of older people and its association with HRV. METHOD: Twenty-nine subjects (69 ± 7.76 years) were selected at a preventive medicine center and completed a questionnaire (World Health Organization quality of life assessment ­ old module: WHOQOL-OLD). The HRV data were collected for 20 minutes in the supine position using a Polar RS800CX frequency meter. RESULTS: Using the median value as a cut-off point, the sample was divided into two groups: WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (n = 15: better quality of life) and WHOQOL-OLD ≤ 91 (n = 13; lower quality of life). For the HRV timedomain variables RMSSD and pNN50, there were higher values in the WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 group (p = 0.0413 and p = 0.0222, respectively). For the frequency-domain variables, low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF) and Total Power, there were also higher values in the WHOQOL-OLD group ≥ 92 (p = 0.0195, p = 0.0170 and p = 0.0287, respectively). The non-linear variable SD1 was significantly higher in the WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 group (p = 0.0413), while DET% was significantly higher in the WHOQOLOLD ≤ 91 group (p = 0.0253). CONCLUSIONS: Better quality of life in older adults is associated with normal ANS function,represented by higher values found through three HRV analysis methods. This indicates the importance of a healthy lifestyle for healthy aging, which includes improvement in autonomic function and, consequently, quality of life.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento do tamanho da população idosa mundial nas últimas décadas tem demandado investigações sobre a qualidade de vida durante o processo de envelhecimento. A Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (HRV) avalia a modulação do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (SNA) e indica a capacidade do coração em responder a múltiplos estímulos fisiológicos e ambientais, bem como em doenças. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a percepção da qualidade de vida de idosos e sua associação com a VFC. MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove indivíduos (69 ± 7,76 anos) foram selecionados em um Centro de Medicina Preventiva, e preencheram um questionário (World Health Organization quality of life assessment ­ old module: WHOQOL-OLD). Os dados da VFC foram coletados durante 20 minutos, com indivíduos em posição supina, com uso do frequencímetro Polar RS800CX. RESULTADOS: Utilizando o valor de mediana como ponto de corte, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (N = 15: idosos com melhor qualidade de vida) e WHOQOL-OLD ≤ 91 (N = 13: idosos com menor qualidade de vida). Considerando a VFC, no domínio do tempo, as variáveis RMSSD e pNN50 apresentaram maiores valores no grupo WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (p = 0,0413 e p = 0,0222, respectivamente). No domínio da frequência, as variáveis LF, HF e Total Power apresentaram maiores valores no grupo WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (p = 0,0195, p = 0,0170 e p = 0,0287, respectivamente). No domínio não linear da VFC, a variável SD1 foi significativamente maior em WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (p = 0,0413), enquanto o DET% apresentou-se significativamente maior em WHOQOL-OLD ≤ 91 (p = 0,0253). CONCLUSÕES: Melhor qualidade de vida está associada ao bom funcionamento do SNA, representado pela maiores valores nos três domínios da VFC em idosos, enfatizando a importância de estilo de vida saudável no envelhecimento saudável, com melhora da função autonômica e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida.

Genetic variants related to angiogenesis and apoptosis in patients with glioma.

BACKGROUND: Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms related to angiogenesis and apoptosis with gliomas, as well as comorbidities, lifestyle, clinical profile, survival and response to treatment (temozolomide [TMZ] and radiotherapy [RT]) in patients with the disease. METHODS: In a total of 303 individuals, genotypes were performed by real-time PCR, and clinical data, lifestyle and comorbidities were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Smoking, alcohol consumption, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and body mass index prevailed among patients, compared to controls (p < 0.05). The heterozygous genotype rs1468727 (T/C) and the homozygous genotype rs2010963 (G/G) (p > 0.05) were observed in both groups. Lifestyle and comorbidities showed independent risk factors for the disease (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0069, p = 0.0394, respectively). Patients with low-grade gliomas had a survival rate of 80.0 ± 1.7% in three years. For the combination of TMZ+RT, survival was 78.7 ± 7.6% in 20 months, compared to TMZ only (21.9 ± 5.1%, p = 0.8711). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variants were not associated with gliomas. Specific lifestyle habits and comorbidities stood out as independent risk factors for the disease. Low-grade gliomas showed an increase in patient survival with TMZ+RT treatment.

Genetic variants related to angiogenesis and apoptosis in patients with glioma / Variantes genéticas relacionadas à angiogênese e apoptose em pacientes com glioma

ABSTRACT Background Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms related to angiogenesis and apoptosis with gliomas, as well as comorbidities, lifestyle, clinical profile, survival and response to treatment (temozolomide [TMZ] and radiotherapy [RT]) in patients with the disease. Methods In a total of 303 individuals, genotypes were performed by real-time PCR, and clinical data, lifestyle and comorbidities were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Smoking, alcohol consumption, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and body mass index prevailed among patients, compared to controls (p < 0.05). The heterozygous genotype rs1468727 (T/C) and the homozygous genotype rs2010963 (G/G) (p > 0.05) were observed in both groups. Lifestyle and comorbidities showed independent risk factors for the disease (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0069, p = 0.0394, respectively). Patients with low-grade gliomas had a survival rate of 80.0 ± 1.7% in three years. For the combination of TMZ+RT, survival was 78.7 ± 7.6% in 20 months, compared to TMZ only (21.9 ± 5.1%, p = 0.8711). Conclusions Genetic variants were not associated with gliomas. Specific lifestyle habits and comorbidities stood out as independent risk factors for the disease. Low-grade gliomas showed an increase in patient survival with TMZ+RT treatment.

RESUMO Introdução Glioma, tumor cerebral maligno, é altamente agressivo e associado a mau prognóstico. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a associação de polimorfismos genéticos relacionados a angiogênese e apoptose em pacientes com glioma, bem como suas comorbidades, hábitos de vida, perfil clínico, sobrevida e resposta ao tratamento (temozolomida [TMZ] e radioterapia [RT]). Métodos 303 indivíduos foram genotipados por PCR em tempo real, e foram coletados dados clínicos, hábitos de vida e comorbidades. Admitiu-se nível de significância para valor p < 0,05. Resultados Tabagismo, elitismo, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e índice de massa corporal prevaleceram entre os pacientes, comprados aos controles (p < 0,05). O genótipo heterozigoto rs1468727 (T/C) e homozigoto rs2010963 (G/G) (p > 0,05) foram observados em ambos os grupos. Tabagismo, elitismo, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e índice de massa corporal apresentaram fatores de risco independentes para a doença (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0069, p = 0.0394, respectivamente). Os pacientes com gliomas de baixo grau apresentaram sobrevida de 80,0 ± 1,7% em três anos. Para a combinação de RT e TMZ, a sobrevida foi de 78,7±7,6% em 20 meses, em comparação com TMZ (21,9 ± 5,1%, p = 0,8711). Conclusões As variantes genéticas não estiveram associadas aos gliomas. Hábitos de vida e comorbidades específicas destacaram-se como fatores de risco independentes para a doença. O tratamento com TMZ + RT mostrou aumento na sobrevida dos pacientes.

Heart rate variability in patients with bipolar disorder: From mania to euthymia.

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is characterized by the occurrence of mania alternating with euthymia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of BD on the autonomic nervous system, as indicated by heart rate variability (HRV). The study was registered in the Clinical Trials Registration (NCT01272518). Nineteen hospitalized, male patients (age: 34.0 ±â€¯12.3 years) with type I BD were assessed during mania and at discharge on euthymia. HRV data were collected during 20- minutes in supine position at rest, on spontaneous breathing, using the Polar RS 800 CX frequencymeter. HRV measures included variables in time, frequency and non-linear domains. Psychiatric conditions were evaluated by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Bech-Rafaelsen mania scale (BRMS). Time domain measures of RMSSD (Cohen's d = 0.668) and pNN50 (Cohen's d = 0.688) increased from first to second assessments. The high-frequency component (HFms2) also increased (Cohen's d = 0.586), while the LF/HF ratio decreased (Cohen's d = 0.785). Non-linear domain measures including the SD1 component (Cohen's d = 0.668), and the SD1/SD2 ratio (Cohen's d = 1.2934) extracted from the Poincare plot analysis increased from first to second assessment. The variables Lmean (Cohen's d = 0.9627), Lmax (Cohen's d = 1.2164), REC% (Cohen's d = 1.0595) and EntShannon (Cohen's d = 1.0607) were higher in mania. By contrast, ApEn (Cohen's d = 0.995) and EntSample (Cohen's d = 1.189) were less during mania, all reflecting ANS improvement. Findings are interpreted in the context of recently published models relating to neurovisceral integration across the continuum of time, and the implications for the future health and wellbeing of patients are considered.

Effects of acute blood pressure elevation on biochemical-metabolic parameters in individuals with hypertensive crisis.

Hypertensive crisis is a common clinical situation that presents a high rate of morbidity and mortality and it is characterized by symptomatic rise of blood pressure (BP), systolic (SBP) ≥ 180 mmHg and/or diastolic (DBP) ≥ 120 mmHg. It is classified as emergency (HE) or hypertensive urgency (HU). There is no description of laboratory findings in patients who present acute BP elevation. Thus, this study had the objective to assess the biochemical-metabolic parameters of patients with HC. We studied 74 normotensive individuals (NT), 74 controlled hypertensive patients (ContrHT), 50 subjects with HU, and 78 with HE for evaluating biochemical-metabolic parameters. HE occurs in older individuals and more frequently in those with known hypertension. More patients with HE had dyslipidemia than those with HU (58% vs. 38%). The diastolic BP and heart rate were higher in the HE group (120 mmHg and 87 bpm) compared to ContrHT (71 mmHg and 71 bpm; p < 0.0001) and NT groups (75 mmHg and 68 bpm; p < 0.0001). Glycemia was higher in HE vs. NT and ContrHT (p < 0.05). HDL cholesterol was lower in HE than NT (p = 0.0088). Potassium was lower in HE vs. NT, ContrHT and HU groups (p < 0.05). Creatinine was higher in the HC group vs. NT and ContrHT (p < 0.05). The GFR was significantly lower in HE group vs. HU, ContrHT and NT (p < 0.001). In conclusion, individuals with HC show biochemical alterations when compared to ContrHT and NT. Acute BP elevations are associated with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and higher potassium and creatinine levels and lower renal function. Abbreviations BMI = body mass index BP = blood pressure CH = hypertensive crisis ContrHT = controlled hypertensive DBP = diastolic blood pressure GFR = glomerular filtration rate HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin HDLc = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HE = hypertensive emergency HPLC = high-performance liquid chromatography HR = heart rate HU = hypertensive urgency JNC 7 = VII Joint National Committee on the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure LDLc = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol MDRD = Modification of Diet in Renal Disease NT = normotensive RASB = renin-angiotensin system blockers SBP = systolic blood pressure TC = total cholesterol TG = triglycerides.

How to Investigate the Vascular Changes in Resistant Hypertension.

The pathophysiological mechanism of resistant hypertension (RH) is related to increased vascular smooth muscle tone and blood volume, exacerbation of the activity of the sympathetic system and hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), all of which are important regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure. Hypertension is associated with reduced endothelial homeostasis, and thus the best treatment would not only reduce blood pressure but also reverse endothelial injury. RH is associated with more serious vascular dysfunction, assessed by endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the presence of serum biomarkers. Arterial stiffness also constitutes an important independent factor that can determine risk of cardiovascular events in patients with RH; it is an important indicator of vascular changes, and is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Arterial stiffness can be assessed by 3 measures: central blood pressure, augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). PWV is a recognized as main marker of the severity of vascular injury. The increase in central blood pressure caused by backward (reflected) waves can be evaluated as an index derived from an analysis of the central aortic blood pressure curve known as the AIx, and depends on the magnitude and time of the reflected waves and indirectly on heart frequency and arterial stiffness. The evaluation of patients with RH is focused on the identification of causes of hypertension guided by the clinical features of hypertension and metabolic, vascular, endocrine and family history.

LEP -2548G>A Polymorphism of the Leptin Gene and Its Influence on the Lipid Profile in Obese Individuals.

BACKGROUND/AIM: We studied the molecular pathogenesis of obesity, involving complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors, with a focus on the leptin gene. It was our aim to characterize the LEP -2548G>A leptin polymorphism and lipid profile in obese and normal-weight individuals. METHODS: A total of 212 individuals were divided into the study group including 136 obese patients (body mass index, BMI≥30) and the control group with 76 normal-weight individuals (BMI>18.5 and ≤24.9). DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The lipid profile was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric methods. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was a prevalence of the GA genotype in both groups. However, comparative group analysis showed an association of the recessive model (AA+GA) with increased triglycerides (TG) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the study group. CONCLUSION: This study did not confirm an association between obesity and the LEP -2548G>A polymorphism. However, AA+GA genotypes, in the presence of obesity, seem to contribute to a reduction in HDL-C and an increase in TG compared with normal-weight individuals. This should be confirmed in further studies.

Nullity of GSTT1/GSTM1 related to pesticides is associated with Parkinson's disease.

Genetic and environmental factors affect the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic variants of the enzyme glutathione S-transferases (GST) may be related to the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic variants of GST (GSTT1/GSTM1) and their association with the exposure to environmental toxins in PD patients. We studied 254 patients with PD and 169 controls. The GSTM1/GSTT1 variants were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. We applied the Fisher's exact test and the χ2 test for statistical analysis (p<0.05). The present and absence for GSTT1 and GSTM1 were similar in patients and controls. The null for GSTT1 and GSTM1 (0/0) and exposure to pesticides prevailed in patients (18%) compared to controls (13%, p=0.014). This study suggests the association between PD and previous exposure to pesticides, whose effect may be enhanced in combination with null for GSTT1/GSTM1.

Nullity of GSTT1/GSTM1 related to pesticides is associated with Parkinson's disease / Nulidade de GSTT1/GSTM1 relacionada a pesticidas associa-se com doenca de Parkinson

Genetic and environmental factors affect the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic variants of the enzyme glutathione S-transferases (GST) may be related to the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic variants of GST (GSTT1/GSTM1) and their association with the exposure to environmental toxins in PD patients. We studied 254 patients with PD and 169 controls. The GSTM1/GSTT1 variants were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. We applied the Fisher's exact test and the χ2 test for statistical analysis (p<0.05). The present and absence for GSTT1 and GSTM1 were similar in patients and controls. The null for GSTT1 and GSTM1 (0/0) and exposure to pesticides prevailed in patients (18%) compared to controls (13%, p=0.014). This study suggests the association between PD and previous exposure to pesticides, whose effect may be enhanced in combination with null for GSTT1/GSTM1.

Fatores genéticos e ambientais influenciam a patogênese da doença de Parkinson (DP). Variantes genéticas das enzimas glutationa S-transferases (GST) parecem estar envolvidas com a doença. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a influência de variantes genéticas de GST (GSTT1/GSTM1) e sua associação com exposição a toxinas ambientais em pacientes com DP. Foram estudados 254 pacientes com DP e 169 controles. As variantes para GSTM1/GSTT1 foram analisadas por reação em cadeia da polimerase. Para análise estatística foram aplicados os testes de Fisher e do χ2 (p<0,05). Tanto a presença quanto a nulidade para GSTT1 e GSTM1 foram semelhantes em pacientes e controles. A nulidade para GSTT1 e GSTM1 (0/0) e contato com agrotóxicos prevaleceu nos pacientes (18%) em relação aos controles (13%, p=0,014). Este estudo sugere associação entre DP e contato prévio com agrotóxicos, cujo efeito parece potencializado em combinação com nulidade para GSTT1/GSTM1.